In the 1990s, punishing success, the Guiliani administration refused to renew the GreenThumb leases, transferred many of the properties to Housing rather than Parks, and began to auction gardens off. These actions were fought by protesters and were accompanied by intense grassroots lobbying of politicians in order to convince them that neighborhoods needed both community gardens and affordable housing. Eventually the battles were fought in the courts. Each garden that survived did so because of the intervention of a larger network of individuals who came together to lobby for that particular location, usually as part of what became the Garden Preservation Coalition. This helped further spur the unique identification of certain gardens with cultural programs such as music or theater, or with certain types of gardening, or with interethnic community building. The gardens were particularly important to the Lower East Side not only because of how they had turned the neighborhood around but because in doing so, they reinforced the importance of creating a model of neighborhood ethnic diversity.